solar battery are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Thin film solar cells, which work with photoelectric effect, are the mainstream.

       When non renewable energy sources such as electricity, coal and oil are in urgent need, and the energy problem has increasingly become a bottleneck restricting the international social and economic development, more and more countries have begun to implement the "sunshine plan" to develop solar energy resources and seek new impetus for economic development. Some high-level nuclear research institutions in Europe are also turning to renewable energy.

At present, in the United States, Japan, Israel and other countries, a large number of solar devices have been used, moving towards the goal of commercialization.